柚子快報(bào)邀請(qǐng)碼778899分享：前端 nginx

http://yzkb.51969.com/

nginx的源碼編譯

[root@nginx-model ~]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

解壓

tar zxf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz

[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# dnf install gcc -y

[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \

> --user=nginx \

> --group=nginx \

> --with-http_ssl_module \

> --with-http_v2_module \

> --with-http_realip_module \

>? --with-http_gzip_static_module \

>? --with-http_stub_status_module \

>? --with-pcre \

>?? --with-stream? \

>?? --with-stream_ssl_module

出現(xiàn)error

[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# dnf search pcre

?

[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# dnf install pcre-devel.x86_64 -y

?

[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# dnf search openssl

[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# dnf install openssl-devel.x86_64 -y

?[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# dnf install zlib-devel -y

?再次編譯

ok

關(guān)閉debug功能

[root@nginx-node1 nginx-1.24.0]# make && make install

開(kāi)始和停止的代碼

把nginx軟件的命令執(zhí)行路陷進(jìn)添加到環(huán)境變量中

[root@nginx-node1 conf]# dnf list nginx

?nginx平滑審計(jì)以及版本回滾

Wget+地址

?Xshell,用xftp傳輸echo-nginx-module-0.63.tar.gz

解壓

編譯

因?yàn)橹白鲞^(guò)，因此只需要make

?備份

[root@nginx-node1 sbin]# cp nginx nginx.old

覆蓋

[root@nginx-node1 sbin]# \cp -f /root/nginx-1.26.2/objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin

[root@nginx-node1 sbin]# ll

?寫(xiě)個(gè)死循環(huán)

?新的worker

?curl 查看是否更新

激活old，回收新的

curl查看

關(guān)掉舊的

?nginx命令的常用參數(shù)

查看配置

[root@nginx-node1 sbin]# nginx -v

?檢測(cè)配置文件語(yǔ)法

[root@nginx-node1 sbin]# nginx -t

?

[root@nginx-node1 sbin]# systemctl daemon-reload

[root@nginx-node1 sbin]# ps aux | grep nginx

nginx全局配置參數(shù)優(yōu)化調(diào)整

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

?查看打開(kāi)文件最大數(shù)量

修改打開(kāi)文件最大數(shù)

進(jìn)入[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

?

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# nginx -s reload

nginx配置中的root和alias

進(jìn)入[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

寫(xiě)新的棧點(diǎn)，子配置文件?

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/web/html

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# echo www.timinglee.org > /data/web/html/index.html

server{

listen 80;

server_name www.timinglee.org;

root /data/web/html;

index index.html;

}

?刷新

?

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# mkdir /data/web/test1 -p

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# mkdir /data/web/test1 > /data/web/test1/index.html

nginx-location用法

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# mkdir /data/web/test -p

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# echo test page > /data/web/test/index.html

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# nginx -s reload

訪問(wèn)?

可以訪問(wèn)

測(cè)試兩者優(yōu)先級(jí)

不加等號(hào)的優(yōu)先級(jí)高?

?nginx下的用戶認(rèn)證

創(chuàng)建日志文件

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# htpasswd -cm /usr/local/nginx/.hrpasswd admin

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# htpasswd -m /usr/local/nginx/.htpasswd lee

?

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# mkdir /data/web/lee

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# echo lee > /data/web/lee/index.html

?編輯文件

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf

location /lee {

root /data/web;

}

可以登錄

?添加用戶認(rèn)證

location /lee {

root /data/web;

auth_basic "login password !!";

auth_basic_user_file "/usr/local/nginx/.htpasswd";

}

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# nginx -s reload

?登錄訪問(wèn)

?nginx-自定義日志

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhost.con

error_page 404 /40x.html;

error_log /var/log/timinglee.org/error.log

access_log /var/log/timinglee.org/access.log

?建文件

刷新

訪問(wèn)?

?錯(cuò)誤訪問(wèn)

?查看日志

?nginx中的文件檢測(cè)

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf

try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/index.html /error/default.html;

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# nginx -s reload

?

nginx中的長(zhǎng)鏈接管理

安裝telnet，長(zhǎng)鏈接測(cè)試工具

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# dnf install telnet -y

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

keepalive_timeout 65;

keepalive_requests 2;

?測(cè)試

?

nginx-下載服務(wù)器的設(shè)定及優(yōu)化?

創(chuàng)建目錄

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# mkdir /data/web/download

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/web/download/leefile bs=1M count=100

?

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhost.conf

location /download {

root /data/web;

autoindex on;

autoindex_exact_size on;

autoindex_localtime on;

limit_rate 1024k;

}

?測(cè)試

?

nginx的數(shù)據(jù)壓縮功能

新建子配置文件

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

gzip on;

gzip_comp_level 5;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_vary on;

gzip_types text/plain application/javascript application/x-javascript text/css

application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/gif image/png;

?刷新保存

?創(chuàng)建一個(gè)小文件

?大文件

?成功！?。?/p>

nginx中的變量

?

?

[root@nginx-node1 conf.d]# vim vars.conf

server {

listen 80

server_name var.timinglee.org;

root /data/web/html;

index index.html;

location /var {

default_type text/html;

echo $remote_addr;

echo $args;

echo $document_root;

echo $document_uri;

echo $host;

echo $remote_port;

echo $remote_user;

echo $request_method;

echo $request_filename;

echo $request_uri;

echo $scheme;

echo $server_protocol;

echo $server_addr;

echo $server_name,

echo $server_port;

echo $http_user_agent;

echo $http_cookie;

echo $cookie_key2;

echo $name;

}

}

[root@nginx-node1 conf.d]# nginx -s reload

?輸入命令查看

[root@nginx-node1 conf.d]# curl -b "key1=lee,key2=lee1" -u lee:lee var.timinglee.org/var?name=lee&&id=6666

?

防盜鏈

防盜鏈基于客戶端攜帶的referer實(shí)現(xiàn)，referer是記錄打開(kāi)一個(gè)頁(yè)面之前記錄是從哪個(gè)頁(yè)面跳轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)來(lái)的標(biāo) 記信息，如果別人只鏈接了自己網(wǎng)站圖片或某個(gè)單獨(dú)的資源，而不是打開(kāi)了網(wǎng)站的整個(gè)頁(yè)面，這就是盜鏈。

當(dāng)我們網(wǎng)頁(yè)中有一個(gè)圖片

他人直接連接到我們網(wǎng)站的圖片，直接不勞而獲

?做一些措施防止此類事情的發(fā)生

?

?

反向代理

nginx主機(jī)

[root@nginx html]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhosts.conf

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.timinglee.org;

location /{

proxy_pass http://192.168.160.110:80;

}

}

?server1主機(jī)

下載httpd

yum install httpd -y

?寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)做測(cè)試

echo server1 192.168.160.110 > /var/www/html/index.html

?server2 主機(jī)

?下載httpd

yum install httpd -y

?創(chuàng)建文件寫(xiě)入數(shù)據(jù)修改端口

[root@server2 ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/static

[root@server~]#echoserver2 192.168.160.120 >/var/www/html/static/index.html

[root@server2 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

?測(cè)試

?

[root@nginx? html ]# curl www.timinglee.org/static/server2 192.168.160.120

[root@nginx-node1 ~]# curl www.timinglee.orgserver1 192.168.160.110

?

FastCGI

什么是FastCGI?

FastCGI是進(jìn)程管理器。CGI會(huì)將webserver的請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)給會(huì)解決請(qǐng)求的人。PHP處于一會(huì)兒上班一會(huì)兒下班的狀態(tài)。PHP-FPM：FastCGI Process Manager。worker進(jìn)程一般會(huì)有多個(gè)，每個(gè)進(jìn)程會(huì)嵌入一個(gè)PHP解析器，進(jìn)行PHP代碼的處理。

實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境：

刪掉nginx目錄：

[root@nginx ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/nginx

?解壓

?編譯新的nginx

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --add-module=/root/echo-nginx-module-0.63 --add-module=/root/memc-nginx-module-0.20 --add-module=/root/srcache-nginx-module-0.33 --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module --with-pcre

?安裝

[root@nginx nginx-1.26.2]# make && make install

安裝php

下載安裝依賴包

yum install -y bzip2 systemd-devel libxml2-devel sqlite-devel libpng-devel libcurl-devel oniguruma-devel

oniguruma-devel?這個(gè)包需要再網(wǎng)上下載?

wget https://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/9/CRB/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.9.6-1.el9.5.x86_64.rpm

?安裝即可

[root@nginx nginx-1.26.2]# dnf oniguruma-devel-6.9.6-1.el9.5.x86_64.rpm

?編碼

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-curl --with-iconv --with-mhash --with-zlib --with-openssl --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --disable-debug --enable-sockets --enable-soap --enable-xml --enable-ftp --enable-gd --enable-exif --enable-mbstring --enable-bcmath --with-fpm-systemd

?

--prefix=/usr/local/php \???????????????????????????? #安裝路徑

--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \???? #指定配置路徑

--enable-fpm \??????????????????????????????????????? #用cgi方式啟動(dòng)程序

--with-fpm-user=nginx \?????????????????????????? #指定運(yùn)行用戶身份

--with-fpm-group=nginx \

--with-curl \????????????????????????????????????????? #打開(kāi)curl瀏覽器支持

--with-iconv \?????????????????????????????????????? #啟用iconv函數(shù)，轉(zhuǎn)換字符編碼

--with-mhash \???????????????????????????????????? #mhash加密方式擴(kuò)展庫(kù)

?--with-zlib \????????????????????????????????????????? #支持zlib庫(kù)，用于壓縮http壓縮傳輸

--with-openssl \?????????????????????????????????? #支持ssl加密

--enable-mysqlnd \????????????????????????????? #mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

--with-mysqli \?

--with-pdo-mysql \

--disable-debug \??????????????????????????????? #關(guān)閉debug功能

--nable-sockets \????????????????????????????? #支持套接字訪問(wèn)

--enable-soap \?????????????????????????????????? #支持soap擴(kuò)展協(xié)議

--enable-xml \???????????????????????????????????? #支持xml

--enable-ftp \?????????????????????????????????????? #支持ftp

--enable-gd \?????????????????????????????????????? #支持gd庫(kù)

--enable-exif \???????????????????????????????????? #支持圖片元數(shù)據(jù)

--enable-mbstring \???????????????????????????? #支持多字節(jié)字符串

--enable-bcmath \?????????????????????????????#打開(kāi)圖片大小調(diào)整,用到zabbix監(jiān)控是用到該模塊

--with-fpm-systemd???????????????????????????? #支持systemctl 管理cg

再make

?

php相關(guān)配置優(yōu)化

[root@nginx php-8.3.9]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/

[root@nginx etc]# ls

php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d

[root@nginx etc]# cp -p php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf

[root@nginx etc]# vim php-fpm.conf

?指定pid文件存放位置

[root@nginx etc]# cd php-fpm.d/

[root@nginx php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default ?www.conf -p

?主配置文件?

[root@nginx php-8.3.9]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

?時(shí)區(qū)修改

vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

?生成啟動(dòng)文件

[root@nginx php-8.3.9]# cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /lib/systemd/system/

[root@nginx php-8.3.9]# vim /lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service

環(huán)境變量?

[root@nginx php-8.3.9]# cd /usr/local/php/bin/

[root@nginx bin]# vim ~/.bash_profile

[root@nginx bin]# source ~/.bash_profile

?寫(xiě)子配置文件

?

[root@nginx bin]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

[root@nginx bin]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/vhosts.conf

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.timinglee.org;

root /data/web/html;

location ~\.php {

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fastcgi.conf;

}

}

?準(zhǔn)備php測(cè)試頁(yè)面

[root@nginx ~]# cat /data/php/index.php

phpinfo();

?>

?測(cè)試

?安裝memcache模塊

?安裝并解壓

?下載autoconf

?phpize

?復(fù)制文件到nginx發(fā)布目錄中

[root@nginx memcache-8.2]# cp example.php memcache.php /data/php/

[root@nginx memcache-8.2]# vim /data/php/memcache.php

?配置php加載memcache模塊

[root@nginx memcache-8.2]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

部署memcached

?測(cè)試

??不斷刷新

?查看性能

?

?nginx 二次開(kāi)發(fā)

?先把nginx關(guān)閉，因?yàn)閛penresty與nginx只能運(yùn)行一個(gè)

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)沒(méi)有家目錄不能遠(yuǎn)程登錄的用戶

?編碼

[root@nginx bin]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/openresty --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream --with-stream_ssl_module --with-stream_realip_module

?安裝

?環(huán)境變量

[root@nginx bin]# vim ~/.bash_profile

[root@nginx bin]# source ~/.bash_profil

開(kāi)啟

****openresty與NGINX的用法基本一致

?

柚子快報(bào)邀請(qǐng)碼778899分享：前端 nginx

http://yzkb.51969.com/

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